The definition of cellular respiriation is 'the process by which the chemical energy of 'food' molecules are released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration.'
Aerobic cellular respiraiton in Eukaryote cells:
Prokaryotic cells do not have mitrochondion, so they must create ATP using different processes taking place within the cytoplasm or inner surfaces of the cell.
Cellular respiration is very similar to photosynthesis: They both involve glucose and carbon dioxide, as well as carbon and water. However, the reactants and products are on different sides in the word equation. The main difference between cellular respiration is that photosynthesis invloves creating gloucose, whereas cellular respiration inloves breaking down glucose.
Some cells have less mitochochodria because less energy is required. Muscle cells, for example, need a lot of energy to move, and so the more mitochondria, the more energy that can be produced and used. Other cells don't need that much energy, so that they have less of the organelle.
PLANTS vs ANIMALS IN OBTAINING GLUCOSE
Plants are producers, meaning that they make their own food. Animals however, do not have this luxury, and so they must consumer food in order to gain energy. Plants make glucose, and then break down that glucose. Animals can only break down the glucose.
THE 3 PROCESSES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
Cellular respiration is a complex process which is essential for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It breaks down glucose, creating ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). The ATP structure consists of three phosphates. These phosphates become two when one of them is detatched, renaming the ATP to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate), and some energy is released.
1. Glycolysis
This first step takes place in the cytoplasm, and does not need oxygen for it to happen. Glucose is converted into a more usable form, called Pyrovate. This process needs some ATP for it to get started. The net yeild of this process is about 2 ATP molecules, and 2 NADH molecules (which are coenzyms).
2. Krebs Cycle
This process takes place in the mitochondria, and does need oxygen for it to occur. The Pyrovate that was produced in the glycolysis process is oxidized, creating carbon dioxide, 2 ATP molecules, 6 NAHD molecules and 2 FADH molecules, which are coenzyme. These coenzyms are useful in transferring electrons, creating more ATP molecules.
3. Electron Transport Chain
This process also occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen. In simples terms, electrons are transferred from the NAHD and FADH molecules to several electron carriers, creating a proton gradient, which power ATP Synthase. This ATP Synthase combines phosphate and ADP molecules to create ATP molecules. Oxygen combines with 2 protons, which creates an H2O molecule (which is water).
If the cell worked perfectly, (which rarely happens), 2 ATP molecules would be made in the glycosis process, 2 in the krebs cycle and 36 in the electron transport cycle. This comes to a total of 38 ATP molecules.
WHY IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION SO IMPORTANT TO LIFE ON EARTH?
Like photosynthesis, cellular respirtiaon is essential for life on Earth. It gives producers and consumers energy. Without this energy, they would die. As organisms are found in ecosystems and food webs, if only one organism dies, the rest suffer the consequences. Without cellular respiration, life on Earth wouldn't exist.
Plants are producers, meaning that they make their own food. Animals however, do not have this luxury, and so they must consumer food in order to gain energy. Plants make glucose, and then break down that glucose. Animals can only break down the glucose.
THE 3 PROCESSES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
Cellular respiration is a complex process which is essential for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It breaks down glucose, creating ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). The ATP structure consists of three phosphates. These phosphates become two when one of them is detatched, renaming the ATP to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate), and some energy is released.
1. Glycolysis
This first step takes place in the cytoplasm, and does not need oxygen for it to happen. Glucose is converted into a more usable form, called Pyrovate. This process needs some ATP for it to get started. The net yeild of this process is about 2 ATP molecules, and 2 NADH molecules (which are coenzyms).
2. Krebs Cycle
This process takes place in the mitochondria, and does need oxygen for it to occur. The Pyrovate that was produced in the glycolysis process is oxidized, creating carbon dioxide, 2 ATP molecules, 6 NAHD molecules and 2 FADH molecules, which are coenzyme. These coenzyms are useful in transferring electrons, creating more ATP molecules.
3. Electron Transport Chain
This process also occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen. In simples terms, electrons are transferred from the NAHD and FADH molecules to several electron carriers, creating a proton gradient, which power ATP Synthase. This ATP Synthase combines phosphate and ADP molecules to create ATP molecules. Oxygen combines with 2 protons, which creates an H2O molecule (which is water).
If the cell worked perfectly, (which rarely happens), 2 ATP molecules would be made in the glycosis process, 2 in the krebs cycle and 36 in the electron transport cycle. This comes to a total of 38 ATP molecules.
WHY IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION SO IMPORTANT TO LIFE ON EARTH?
Like photosynthesis, cellular respirtiaon is essential for life on Earth. It gives producers and consumers energy. Without this energy, they would die. As organisms are found in ecosystems and food webs, if only one organism dies, the rest suffer the consequences. Without cellular respiration, life on Earth wouldn't exist.